https://enlightenment-revolution.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Philippe_Egalit%C3%A9Philippe Egalité - Revision history2026-04-22T09:06:35ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.39.2https://enlightenment-revolution.org/index.php?title=Philippe_Egalit%C3%A9&diff=1725&oldid=prevToubiana at 19:03, 9 January 20232023-01-09T19:03:19Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In the pre-revolution atmosphere that reigned in France, Louis Philippe clearly hoped for a chance to replace his cousin on the throne and therefore favored all grievances against the king. His open distaste for the young queen, Marie-Antoinette, only accrued antagonism with the king, making him unwelcome at court. He was then elected Grand Master of the Grand Orient of France, one of the most powerful freemason lodges with concepts of masonic equality, fraternity and democracy. In 1780, his father gave him the Palais Royal (a very large palace across the Louvre). He opened its gardens to the public, which quickly transformed the palace into one of the main centers for anyone opposing the king and his monarchy. In 1787, Louis XVI wanted to levy a new tax on landed property, a decision which the Parliament of Paris strongly opposed. Once more, Louis Philippe stood against the king and was again exiled in Villers-Cotterêts. His Palais Royal had become a rallying point for the Jacobins of Paris. Louis Philippe generously granted subventions to pamphleteers criticizing the king and hoped to stand as the champion of a constitutionalist monarchy. [[Laclos, Choderlos de]] (author of the famous epistolary novel, ''Les Liaisons dangereuses'') was chosen by Louis Philippe to astutely distribute money, therefore increase his popularity. However, Philippe Egalité did not create a new movement but only rode the revolutionary atmosphere. He might have started an Orleanist conspiracy to take the throne away from his cousin but was unable to convince or even impressed powerful leaders like Lafayette, [[Mirabeau, Honoré Gabriel Riquetti, Comte de]] or [[Danton, Georges]] who did not believe him suited for the job.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In the pre-revolution atmosphere that reigned in France, Louis Philippe clearly hoped for a chance to replace his cousin on the throne and therefore favored all grievances against the king. His open distaste for the young queen, Marie-Antoinette, only accrued antagonism with the king, making him unwelcome at court. He was then elected Grand Master of the Grand Orient of France, one of the most powerful freemason lodges with concepts of masonic equality, fraternity and democracy. In 1780, his father gave him the Palais Royal (a very large palace across the Louvre). He opened its gardens to the public, which quickly transformed the palace into one of the main centers for anyone opposing the king and his monarchy. In 1787, Louis XVI wanted to levy a new tax on landed property, a decision which the Parliament of Paris strongly opposed. Once more, Louis Philippe stood against the king and was again exiled in Villers-Cotterêts. His Palais Royal had become a rallying point for the Jacobins of Paris. Louis Philippe generously granted subventions to pamphleteers criticizing the king and hoped to stand as the champion of a constitutionalist monarchy. [[Laclos, Choderlos de]] (author of the famous epistolary novel, ''Les Liaisons dangereuses'') was chosen by Louis Philippe to astutely distribute money, therefore increase his popularity. However, Philippe Egalité did not create a new movement but only rode the revolutionary atmosphere. He might have started an Orleanist conspiracy to take the throne away from his cousin but was unable to convince or even impressed powerful leaders like Lafayette, [[Mirabeau, Honoré Gabriel Riquetti, Comte de]] or [[Danton, Georges]] who did not believe him suited for the job.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1789, he was elected to the States General. At the opening procession, he forwent marching in accordance to his aristocratic rank in order to march as a simple citizen. Additionally, while surprised by the fall of the Bastille, he was satisfied with the turn of events. His popularity among the people was growing and he freely distributed food, which further exacerbated his rivalry with the court. He was accused of instigating the tumultuous days of October (5 and 6), when the Paris crowd invaded the royal residence and killed some of Lafayette’s guards. Being too apprehensive and lacking spirit of leadership, he failed to take advantage of his popularity. To distance him from Paris, Louis XVI sent him to England under pretext of entrusting him with a diplomatic mission regarding the revolt in Belgium against Austrian rule. Louis Philippe naively believed this could potentially lead him to being crowned king of Belgium. In 1790, he wrote the Assembly to request his return to France to resume his position as a deputy. A few days later, he was back in Paris unnoticed since the king had approved the constitution and sworn loyalty to the Assembly. Louis Philippe would have to wait until the royal family’s attempt to flee the country and their arrest in Varennes on 21 June 1791 to have a chance to replace his cousin. However, people were quickly losing trust in kings. Philippe Egalité’s sons had joined the revolutionary armies and his oldest son, and future king, was bravely fighting under General [[Dumouriez]]. Louis Philippe himself tried to obtain a charge with the army but was turned down. He was blamed by the royalists of initiating the September Massacre of 1792 in which the crowd brutally killed thousands of royalist sympathizers and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">refractary </del>priests (priests which rejected the constitution), including his sister in law, the Princess de Lamballe. The monarchists continued to accuse him of siding with the Third Estate and mistakenly considered him a commanding and powerful man. Elected at the Convention in 1792, he sat with the Montagne, the more extreme revolutionary party led by influential and authoritative leaders such as [[Robespierre, Maximilien François Marie Isidore de]], Danton, [[Saint-Just, Louis-Antoine de]], [[Marat, Jean-Paul]] and Couthon. He then got rid of his titles and in his desire to appear true to the constitution chose a very democratic name, Philippe Egalité, a change that was formally accepted by the Paris Commune (the governing body of Paris). Unfortunately, that decision did not help him much; the tide was fast rising against him. Girondins and Montagnards accused each other to let a former "prince du sang" sit at the Convention.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1789, he was elected to the States General. At the opening procession, he forwent marching in accordance to his aristocratic rank in order to march as a simple citizen. Additionally, while surprised by the fall of the Bastille, he was satisfied with the turn of events. His popularity among the people was growing and he freely distributed food, which further exacerbated his rivalry with the court. He was accused of instigating the tumultuous days of October (5 and 6), when the Paris crowd invaded the royal residence and killed some of Lafayette’s guards. Being too apprehensive and lacking spirit of leadership, he failed to take advantage of his popularity. To distance him from Paris, Louis XVI sent him to England under pretext of entrusting him with a diplomatic mission regarding the revolt in Belgium against Austrian rule. Louis Philippe naively believed this could potentially lead him to being crowned king of Belgium. In 1790, he wrote the Assembly to request his return to France to resume his position as a deputy. A few days later, he was back in Paris unnoticed since the king had approved the constitution and sworn loyalty to the Assembly. Louis Philippe would have to wait until the royal family’s attempt to flee the country and their arrest in Varennes on 21 June 1791 to have a chance to replace his cousin. However, people were quickly losing trust in kings. Philippe Egalité’s sons had joined the revolutionary armies and his oldest son, and future king, was bravely fighting under General [[Dumouriez]]. Louis Philippe himself tried to obtain a charge with the army but was turned down. He was blamed by the royalists of initiating the September Massacre of 1792 in which the crowd brutally killed thousands of royalist sympathizers and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">refractory </ins>priests (priests which rejected the constitution), including his sister in law, the Princess de Lamballe. The monarchists continued to accuse him of siding with the Third Estate and mistakenly considered him a commanding and powerful man. Elected at the Convention in 1792, he sat with the Montagne, the more extreme revolutionary party led by influential and authoritative leaders such as [[Robespierre, Maximilien François Marie Isidore de]], Danton, [[Saint-Just, Louis-Antoine de]], [[Marat, Jean-Paul]] and Couthon. He then got rid of his titles and in his desire to appear true to the constitution chose a very democratic name, Philippe Egalité, a change that was formally accepted by the Paris Commune (the governing body of Paris). Unfortunately, that decision did not help him much; the tide was fast rising against him. Girondins and Montagnards accused each other to let a former "prince du sang" sit at the Convention.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In January 1793, he voted for the king’s death. In April, General [[Dumouriez]] and Louis Philippe’s son defected to the Austrians, an act which condemned Louis Philippe and his family in the eyes of the Convention. Even though many Convention representatives realized royal line ran through Philippe Egalité, they also recognized he had publicly served liberty. He was first imprisoned in Marseilles and calmly denied all accusations of counterrevolutionary activities with Mirabeau, Lafayette and [[Dumouriez]]. Ironically, denounced by Girondins, he went on trial along with them back in Paris. On 6 November 1793, after answering all suspicions of betrayal from the prosecutor, he was found guilty without evidence but specifically because of his son's defection and his noble birth. He courageously asked the tribunal not to delay his execution but to carry it the very same day. After a lavish dinner of oysters and ribs sprinkled with Bordeaux wine, he proudly and dauntlessly went to the scaffold. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In January 1793, he voted for the king’s death. In April, General [[Dumouriez]] and Louis Philippe’s son defected to the Austrians, an act which condemned Louis Philippe and his family in the eyes of the Convention. Even though many Convention representatives realized royal line ran through Philippe Egalité, they also recognized he had publicly served liberty. He was first imprisoned in Marseilles and calmly denied all accusations of counterrevolutionary activities with Mirabeau, Lafayette and [[Dumouriez]]. Ironically, denounced by Girondins, he went on trial along with them back in Paris. On 6 November 1793, after answering all suspicions of betrayal from the prosecutor, he was found guilty without evidence but specifically because of his son's defection and his noble birth. He courageously asked the tribunal not to delay his execution but to carry it the very same day. After a lavish dinner of oysters and ribs sprinkled with Bordeaux wine, he proudly and dauntlessly went to the scaffold. </div></td></tr>
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</table>Toubianahttps://enlightenment-revolution.org/index.php?title=Philippe_Egalit%C3%A9&diff=1701&oldid=prevToubiana at 15:59, 27 July 20222022-07-27T15:59:49Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Philippe Egalité was the only member of a royal house to adhere to a revolution to overthrow his king and to have voted for the king’s death.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Philippe Egalité was the only member of a royal house to adhere to a revolution to overthrow his king and to have voted for the king’s death.</div></td></tr>
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</table>Toubianahttps://enlightenment-revolution.org/index.php?title=Philippe_Egalit%C3%A9&diff=1641&oldid=prevToubiana at 15:32, 1 February 20212021-02-01T15:32:57Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>He was Duke of Montpensier until 1752 when, upon his grandfather’s death, he became Duke of Chartres. In 1785, after his father’s death, he became Duke of Orleans. He was raised as a grand aristocrat proud of his birth but lacked depth and rigor in his education. In 1756 his father called on the famed Swiss doctor, [[Tronchin, Théodore]] to inoculate his son and the rest of his family against small pox, a decision imitated by the rest of the court.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>He was Duke of Montpensier until 1752 when, upon his grandfather’s death, he became Duke of Chartres. In 1785, after his father’s death, he became Duke of Orleans. He was raised as a grand aristocrat proud of his birth but lacked depth and rigor in his education. In 1756 his father called on the famed Swiss doctor, [[Tronchin, Théodore]] to inoculate his son and the rest of his family against small pox, a decision imitated by the rest of the court.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Louis Philippe was among the richest man of the kingdom but because of the libertine life he led he was often in debt. In June 1769 he married 16 year old Louise Marie Adelaïde de Bourbon, daughter of the Duke of Penthièvre, heir to one of the biggest fortunes of France. They had six children, their second child but first son, Louis Philippe d’Orleans (1773-1850), was king of the French (no longer called king of France) from 1830 until 1848; he was the first and only king of the Orleans dynasty. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">After a </del>few months, Philippe Egalité went back to his libertine activities and would have several illegitimate children. His most famous mistress was Stéphanie Félicité du Crest, Countess de Genlis, lady in waiting to his own wife. Well educated, author of children education treaties and numerous literary works, she took upon herself to introduce her lover to Rousseau and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">managed to be </del>officially in charge of Louis Philippe and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">his wife’s legitimate </del>children, especially the education of the future king Louis Philippe I.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Louis Philippe was among the richest man of the kingdom but because of the libertine life he led he was often in debt. In June 1769 he married 16 year old Louise Marie Adelaïde de Bourbon, daughter of the Duke of Penthièvre, heir to one of the biggest fortunes of France. They had six children, their second child but first son, Louis Philippe d’Orleans (1773-1850), was <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">later </ins>king of the French (no longer called king of France) from 1830 until 1848; he was the first and only king of the Orleans dynasty. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">A </ins>few months <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">after his wedding</ins>, Philippe Egalité went back to his libertine activities and would have several illegitimate children. His most famous mistress was Stéphanie Félicité du Crest, Countess de Genlis, lady in waiting to his own wife. Well educated, author of children education treaties and numerous literary works, she took upon herself to introduce her lover to Rousseau and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">was </ins>officially in charge of Louis Philippe and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Louise Marie Adelaïde de Bourbon's </ins>children, especially the education of the future king Louis Philippe I.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1771, in a controversy with Rene Nicolas Charles Augustin de Maupeou, Chancellor of France, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">he </del>sided with the Parliaments and continued the politics of “frondeur” that characterized the house of Orleans. He turned against Maupeou, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">which </del>imposed reforms favorable to the king but detrimental to the Parliamants; <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">he </del>was exiled in his land of Villers-Cotterêts. In 1772, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Louis Philippe </del>decided to start a career in the navy. In 1778, after a couple of successful campaigns, he was promoted Lieutenant General with his father in law’s help, a top French admiral. On 27 July 1778, on the coast of Ouessant in French Brittany, during a maritime battle against England, Louis Philippe rushed on British ships but because of poor communication with his commander, the Count of Orvilliers, he let the English ships escape. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1771, in a controversy with Rene Nicolas Charles Augustin de Maupeou, Chancellor of France, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Louis Philippe </ins>sided with the Parliaments and continued the politics of “frondeur” that characterized the house of Orleans. He turned against Maupeou, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">who </ins>imposed reforms favorable to the king but detrimental to the Parliamants; <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> Louis Philippe </ins>was exiled in his land of Villers-Cotterêts. In 1772, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">he </ins>decided to start a career in the navy. In 1778, after a couple of successful campaigns, he was promoted Lieutenant General with his father in law’s help, a top French admiral. On 27 July 1778, on the coast of Ouessant in French Brittany, during a maritime battle against England, Louis Philippe rushed on British ships but because of poor communication with his commander, the Count of Orvilliers, he let the English ships escape. </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In the pre-revolution atmosphere that reigned in France, Louis Philippe clearly hoped for a chance to replace his cousin on the throne and therefore favored all grievances against the king. His open distaste for the young queen, Marie-Antoinette, only accrued antagonism with the king, making him unwelcome at court. He was then elected Grand Master of the Grand Orient of France, one of the most powerful freemason lodges with concepts of masonic equality, fraternity and democracy. In 1780, his father gave him the Palais Royal (a very large palace across the Louvre). He opened its gardens to the public, which quickly transformed the palace into one of the main centers for anyone opposing the king and his monarchy. In 1787, Louis XVI wanted to levy a new tax on landed property, a decision which the Parliament of Paris strongly opposed. Once more, Louis Philippe stood against the king and was again exiled in Villers-Cotterêts. His Palais Royal had become a rallying point for the Jacobins of Paris. Louis Philippe generously granted subventions to pamphleteers criticizing the king and hoped to stand as the champion of a constitutionalist monarchy. [[Laclos, Choderlos de]] (author of the famous epistolary novel, ''Les Liaisons dangereuses'') was chosen by Louis Philippe to astutely distribute money, therefore increase his popularity. However, Philippe Egalité did not create a new movement but only rode the revolutionary atmosphere. He might have started an Orleanist conspiracy to take the throne away from his cousin but was unable to convince or even impressed powerful leaders like Lafayette, [[Mirabeau, Honoré Gabriel Riquetti, Comte de]] or [[Danton, Georges]] who did not believe him suited for the job.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In the pre-revolution atmosphere that reigned in France, Louis Philippe clearly hoped for a chance to replace his cousin on the throne and therefore favored all grievances against the king. His open distaste for the young queen, Marie-Antoinette, only accrued antagonism with the king, making him unwelcome at court. He was then elected Grand Master of the Grand Orient of France, one of the most powerful freemason lodges with concepts of masonic equality, fraternity and democracy. In 1780, his father gave him the Palais Royal (a very large palace across the Louvre). He opened its gardens to the public, which quickly transformed the palace into one of the main centers for anyone opposing the king and his monarchy. In 1787, Louis XVI wanted to levy a new tax on landed property, a decision which the Parliament of Paris strongly opposed. Once more, Louis Philippe stood against the king and was again exiled in Villers-Cotterêts. His Palais Royal had become a rallying point for the Jacobins of Paris. Louis Philippe generously granted subventions to pamphleteers criticizing the king and hoped to stand as the champion of a constitutionalist monarchy. [[Laclos, Choderlos de]] (author of the famous epistolary novel, ''Les Liaisons dangereuses'') was chosen by Louis Philippe to astutely distribute money, therefore increase his popularity. However, Philippe Egalité did not create a new movement but only rode the revolutionary atmosphere. He might have started an Orleanist conspiracy to take the throne away from his cousin but was unable to convince or even impressed powerful leaders like Lafayette, [[Mirabeau, Honoré Gabriel Riquetti, Comte de]] or [[Danton, Georges]] who did not believe him suited for the job.</div></td></tr>
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</table>Toubianahttps://enlightenment-revolution.org/index.php?title=Philippe_Egalit%C3%A9&diff=1634&oldid=prevToubiana at 23:57, 28 January 20212021-01-28T23:57:19Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 19:57, 28 January 2021</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In the pre-revolution atmosphere that reigned in France, Louis Philippe clearly hoped for a chance to replace his cousin on the throne and therefore favored all grievances against the king. His open distaste for the young queen, Marie-Antoinette, only accrued antagonism with the king, making him unwelcome at court. He was then elected Grand Master of the Grand Orient of France, one of the most powerful freemason lodges with concepts of masonic equality, fraternity and democracy. In 1780, his father gave him the Palais Royal (a very large palace across the Louvre). He opened its gardens to the public, which quickly transformed the palace into one of the main centers for anyone opposing the king and his monarchy. In 1787, Louis XVI wanted to levy a new tax on landed property, a decision which the Parliament of Paris strongly opposed. Once more, Louis Philippe stood against the king and was again exiled in Villers-Cotterêts. His Palais Royal had become a rallying point for the Jacobins of Paris. Louis Philippe generously granted subventions to pamphleteers criticizing the king and hoped to stand as the champion of a constitutionalist monarchy. [[Laclos, Choderlos de]] (author of the famous epistolary novel, ''Les Liaisons dangereuses'') was chosen by Louis Philippe to astutely distribute money, therefore increase his popularity. However, Philippe Egalité did not create a new movement but only rode the revolutionary atmosphere. He might have started an Orleanist conspiracy to take the throne away from his cousin but was unable to convince or even impressed powerful leaders like Lafayette, [[Mirabeau, Honoré Gabriel Riquetti, Comte de]] or [[Danton, Georges]] who did not believe him suited for the job.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In the pre-revolution atmosphere that reigned in France, Louis Philippe clearly hoped for a chance to replace his cousin on the throne and therefore favored all grievances against the king. His open distaste for the young queen, Marie-Antoinette, only accrued antagonism with the king, making him unwelcome at court. He was then elected Grand Master of the Grand Orient of France, one of the most powerful freemason lodges with concepts of masonic equality, fraternity and democracy. In 1780, his father gave him the Palais Royal (a very large palace across the Louvre). He opened its gardens to the public, which quickly transformed the palace into one of the main centers for anyone opposing the king and his monarchy. In 1787, Louis XVI wanted to levy a new tax on landed property, a decision which the Parliament of Paris strongly opposed. Once more, Louis Philippe stood against the king and was again exiled in Villers-Cotterêts. His Palais Royal had become a rallying point for the Jacobins of Paris. Louis Philippe generously granted subventions to pamphleteers criticizing the king and hoped to stand as the champion of a constitutionalist monarchy. [[Laclos, Choderlos de]] (author of the famous epistolary novel, ''Les Liaisons dangereuses'') was chosen by Louis Philippe to astutely distribute money, therefore increase his popularity. However, Philippe Egalité did not create a new movement but only rode the revolutionary atmosphere. He might have started an Orleanist conspiracy to take the throne away from his cousin but was unable to convince or even impressed powerful leaders like Lafayette, [[Mirabeau, Honoré Gabriel Riquetti, Comte de]] or [[Danton, Georges]] who did not believe him suited for the job.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1789, he was elected to the States General. At the opening procession, he forwent marching in accordance to his aristocratic rank in order to march as a simple citizen. Additionally, while surprised by the fall of the Bastille, he was satisfied with the turn of events. His popularity among the people was growing and he freely distributed food, which further exacerbated his rivalry with the court. He was accused of instigating the tumultuous days of October (5 and 6), when the Paris crowd invaded the royal residence and killed some of Lafayette’s guards. Being too apprehensive and lacking spirit of leadership, he failed to take advantage of his popularity. To distance him from Paris, Louis XVI sent him to England under pretext of entrusting him with a diplomatic mission regarding the revolt in Belgium against Austrian rule. Louis Philippe naively believed this could potentially lead him to being crowned king of Belgium. In 1790, he wrote the Assembly to request his return to France to resume his position as a deputy. A few days later, he was back in Paris unnoticed since the king had approved the constitution and sworn loyalty to the Assembly. Louis Philippe would have to wait until the royal family’s attempt to flee the country and their arrest in Varennes on 21 June 1791 to have a chance to replace his cousin. However, people were quickly losing trust in kings. Philippe Egalité’s sons had joined the revolutionary armies and his oldest son, and future king, was bravely fighting under General Dumouriez. Louis Philippe himself tried to obtain a charge with the army but was turned down. He was blamed by the royalists of initiating the September Massacre of 1792 in which the crowd brutally killed thousands of royalist sympathizers and refractary priests (priests which rejected the constitution), including his sister in law, the Princess de Lamballe. The monarchists continued to accuse him of siding with the Third Estate and mistakenly considered him a commanding and powerful man. Elected at the Convention in 1792, he sat with the Montagne, the more extreme revolutionary party led by influential and authoritative leaders such as [[Robespierre, Maximilien François Marie Isidore de]], Danton, [[Saint-Just, Louis-Antoine de]], [[Marat, Jean-Paul]] and Couthon. He then got rid of his titles and in his desire to appear true to the constitution chose a very democratic name, Philippe Egalité, a change that was formally accepted by the Paris Commune (the governing body of Paris). Unfortunately, that decision did not help him much; the tide was fast rising against him. Girondins and Montagnards accused each other to let a former "prince du sang" sit at the Convention.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1789, he was elected to the States General. At the opening procession, he forwent marching in accordance to his aristocratic rank in order to march as a simple citizen. Additionally, while surprised by the fall of the Bastille, he was satisfied with the turn of events. His popularity among the people was growing and he freely distributed food, which further exacerbated his rivalry with the court. He was accused of instigating the tumultuous days of October (5 and 6), when the Paris crowd invaded the royal residence and killed some of Lafayette’s guards. Being too apprehensive and lacking spirit of leadership, he failed to take advantage of his popularity. To distance him from Paris, Louis XVI sent him to England under pretext of entrusting him with a diplomatic mission regarding the revolt in Belgium against Austrian rule. Louis Philippe naively believed this could potentially lead him to being crowned king of Belgium. In 1790, he wrote the Assembly to request his return to France to resume his position as a deputy. A few days later, he was back in Paris unnoticed since the king had approved the constitution and sworn loyalty to the Assembly. Louis Philippe would have to wait until the royal family’s attempt to flee the country and their arrest in Varennes on 21 June 1791 to have a chance to replace his cousin. However, people were quickly losing trust in kings. Philippe Egalité’s sons had joined the revolutionary armies and his oldest son, and future king, was bravely fighting under General <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</ins>Dumouriez<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins>. Louis Philippe himself tried to obtain a charge with the army but was turned down. He was blamed by the royalists of initiating the September Massacre of 1792 in which the crowd brutally killed thousands of royalist sympathizers and refractary priests (priests which rejected the constitution), including his sister in law, the Princess de Lamballe. The monarchists continued to accuse him of siding with the Third Estate and mistakenly considered him a commanding and powerful man. Elected at the Convention in 1792, he sat with the Montagne, the more extreme revolutionary party led by influential and authoritative leaders such as [[Robespierre, Maximilien François Marie Isidore de]], Danton, [[Saint-Just, Louis-Antoine de]], [[Marat, Jean-Paul]] and Couthon. He then got rid of his titles and in his desire to appear true to the constitution chose a very democratic name, Philippe Egalité, a change that was formally accepted by the Paris Commune (the governing body of Paris). Unfortunately, that decision did not help him much; the tide was fast rising against him. Girondins and Montagnards accused each other to let a former "prince du sang" sit at the Convention.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In January 1793, he voted for the king’s death. In April, General Dumouriez and Louis Philippe’s son defected to the Austrians, an act which condemned Louis Philippe and his family in the eyes of the Convention. Even though many Convention representatives realized royal line ran through Philippe Egalité, they also recognized he had publicly served liberty. He was first imprisoned in Marseilles and calmly denied all accusations of counterrevolutionary activities with Mirabeau, Lafayette and Dumouriez. Ironically, denounced by Girondins, he went on trial along with them back in Paris. On 6 November 1793, after answering all suspicions of betrayal from the prosecutor, he was found guilty without evidence but specifically because of his son's defection and his noble birth. He courageously asked the tribunal not to delay his execution but to carry it the very same day. After a lavish dinner of oysters and ribs sprinkled with Bordeaux wine, he proudly and dauntlessly went to the scaffold. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In January 1793, he voted for the king’s death. In April, General <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</ins>Dumouriez<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </ins>and Louis Philippe’s son defected to the Austrians, an act which condemned Louis Philippe and his family in the eyes of the Convention. Even though many Convention representatives realized royal line ran through Philippe Egalité, they also recognized he had publicly served liberty. He was first imprisoned in Marseilles and calmly denied all accusations of counterrevolutionary activities with Mirabeau, Lafayette and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</ins>Dumouriez<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins>. Ironically, denounced by Girondins, he went on trial along with them back in Paris. On 6 November 1793, after answering all suspicions of betrayal from the prosecutor, he was found guilty without evidence but specifically because of his son's defection and his noble birth. He courageously asked the tribunal not to delay his execution but to carry it the very same day. After a lavish dinner of oysters and ribs sprinkled with Bordeaux wine, he proudly and dauntlessly went to the scaffold. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Philippe Egalité was the only member of a royal house to adhere to a revolution to overthrow his king and to have voted for the king’s death.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Philippe Egalité was the only member of a royal house to adhere to a revolution to overthrow his king and to have voted for the king’s death.</div></td></tr>
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</table>Toubianahttps://enlightenment-revolution.org/index.php?title=Philippe_Egalit%C3%A9&diff=1589&oldid=prevToubiana at 01:09, 28 December 20182018-12-28T01:09:11Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 21:09, 27 December 2018</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l10">Line 10:</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In the pre-revolution atmosphere that reigned in France, Louis Philippe clearly hoped for a chance to replace his cousin on the throne and therefore favored all grievances against the king. His open distaste for the young queen, Marie-Antoinette, only accrued antagonism with the king, making him unwelcome at court. He was then elected Grand Master of the Grand Orient of France, one of the most powerful freemason lodges with concepts of masonic equality, fraternity and democracy. In 1780, his father gave him the Palais Royal (a very large palace across the Louvre). He opened its gardens to the public, which quickly transformed the palace into one of the main centers for anyone opposing the king and his monarchy. In 1787, Louis XVI wanted to levy a new tax on landed property, a decision which the Parliament of Paris strongly opposed. Once more, Louis Philippe stood against the king and was again exiled in Villers-Cotterêts. His Palais Royal had become a rallying point for the Jacobins of Paris. Louis Philippe generously granted subventions to pamphleteers criticizing the king and hoped to stand as the champion of a constitutionalist monarchy. [[Laclos, Choderlos de]] (author of the famous epistolary novel, ''Les Liaisons dangereuses'') was chosen by Louis Philippe to astutely distribute money, therefore increase his popularity. However, Philippe Egalité did not create a new movement but only rode the revolutionary atmosphere. He might have started an Orleanist conspiracy to take the throne away from his cousin but was unable to convince or even impressed powerful leaders like Lafayette, [[Mirabeau, Honoré Gabriel Riquetti, Comte de]] or [[Danton, Georges]] who did not believe him suited for the job.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In the pre-revolution atmosphere that reigned in France, Louis Philippe clearly hoped for a chance to replace his cousin on the throne and therefore favored all grievances against the king. His open distaste for the young queen, Marie-Antoinette, only accrued antagonism with the king, making him unwelcome at court. He was then elected Grand Master of the Grand Orient of France, one of the most powerful freemason lodges with concepts of masonic equality, fraternity and democracy. In 1780, his father gave him the Palais Royal (a very large palace across the Louvre). He opened its gardens to the public, which quickly transformed the palace into one of the main centers for anyone opposing the king and his monarchy. In 1787, Louis XVI wanted to levy a new tax on landed property, a decision which the Parliament of Paris strongly opposed. Once more, Louis Philippe stood against the king and was again exiled in Villers-Cotterêts. His Palais Royal had become a rallying point for the Jacobins of Paris. Louis Philippe generously granted subventions to pamphleteers criticizing the king and hoped to stand as the champion of a constitutionalist monarchy. [[Laclos, Choderlos de]] (author of the famous epistolary novel, ''Les Liaisons dangereuses'') was chosen by Louis Philippe to astutely distribute money, therefore increase his popularity. However, Philippe Egalité did not create a new movement but only rode the revolutionary atmosphere. He might have started an Orleanist conspiracy to take the throne away from his cousin but was unable to convince or even impressed powerful leaders like Lafayette, [[Mirabeau, Honoré Gabriel Riquetti, Comte de]] or [[Danton, Georges]] who did not believe him suited for the job.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1789, he was elected to the States General. At the opening procession, he forwent marching in accordance to his aristocratic rank in order to march as a simple citizen. Additionally, while surprised by the fall of the Bastille, he was satisfied with the turn of events. His popularity among the people was growing and he freely distributed food, which further exacerbated his rivalry with the court. He was accused of instigating the tumultuous days of October (5 and 6), when the Paris crowd invaded the royal residence and killed some of Lafayette’s guards. Being too apprehensive and lacking <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">any real </del>spirit of leadership, he failed to take advantage of his popularity. To distance him from Paris, Louis XVI sent him to England under pretext of entrusting him with a diplomatic mission regarding the revolt in Belgium against Austrian rule. Louis Philippe naively believed this could potentially lead him to being crowned king of Belgium. In 1790, he wrote the Assembly to request his return to France to resume his position as a deputy. A few days later, he was back in Paris unnoticed since the king had approved the constitution and sworn loyalty to the Assembly. Louis Philippe would have to wait until the royal family’s attempt to flee the country and their arrest in Varennes on 21 June 1791 to have a chance to replace his cousin. However, people were quickly losing trust in kings. Philippe Egalité’s sons had joined the revolutionary armies and his oldest son, and future king, was bravely fighting under General Dumouriez. Louis Philippe himself tried to obtain a charge with the army but was turned down. He was blamed by the royalists of initiating the September Massacre of 1792 in which the crowd brutally killed thousands of royalist sympathizers and refractary priests (priests which rejected the constitution), including his sister in law, the Princess de Lamballe. The monarchists continued to accuse him of siding with the Third Estate and mistakenly considered him a commanding and powerful man. Elected at the Convention in 1792, he sat with the Montagne, the more extreme revolutionary party led by influential and authoritative leaders such as [[Robespierre, Maximilien François Marie Isidore de]], Danton, [[Saint-Just, Louis-Antoine de]], [[Marat, Jean-Paul]] and Couthon. He then got rid of his titles and in his desire to appear true to the constitution chose a very democratic name, Philippe Egalité, a change that was formally accepted by the Paris Commune (the governing body of Paris). Unfortunately, that decision did not help him much; the tide was fast rising against him. Girondins and Montagnards accused each other to let a former "prince du sang" sit at the Convention.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1789, he was elected to the States General. At the opening procession, he forwent marching in accordance to his aristocratic rank in order to march as a simple citizen. Additionally, while surprised by the fall of the Bastille, he was satisfied with the turn of events. His popularity among the people was growing and he freely distributed food, which further exacerbated his rivalry with the court. He was accused of instigating the tumultuous days of October (5 and 6), when the Paris crowd invaded the royal residence and killed some of Lafayette’s guards. Being too apprehensive and lacking spirit of leadership, he failed to take advantage of his popularity. To distance him from Paris, Louis XVI sent him to England under pretext of entrusting him with a diplomatic mission regarding the revolt in Belgium against Austrian rule. Louis Philippe naively believed this could potentially lead him to being crowned king of Belgium. In 1790, he wrote the Assembly to request his return to France to resume his position as a deputy. A few days later, he was back in Paris unnoticed since the king had approved the constitution and sworn loyalty to the Assembly. Louis Philippe would have to wait until the royal family’s attempt to flee the country and their arrest in Varennes on 21 June 1791 to have a chance to replace his cousin. However, people were quickly losing trust in kings. Philippe Egalité’s sons had joined the revolutionary armies and his oldest son, and future king, was bravely fighting under General Dumouriez. Louis Philippe himself tried to obtain a charge with the army but was turned down. He was blamed by the royalists of initiating the September Massacre of 1792 in which the crowd brutally killed thousands of royalist sympathizers and refractary priests (priests which rejected the constitution), including his sister in law, the Princess de Lamballe. The monarchists continued to accuse him of siding with the Third Estate and mistakenly considered him a commanding and powerful man. Elected at the Convention in 1792, he sat with the Montagne, the more extreme revolutionary party led by influential and authoritative leaders such as [[Robespierre, Maximilien François Marie Isidore de]], Danton, [[Saint-Just, Louis-Antoine de]], [[Marat, Jean-Paul]] and Couthon. He then got rid of his titles and in his desire to appear true to the constitution chose a very democratic name, Philippe Egalité, a change that was formally accepted by the Paris Commune (the governing body of Paris). Unfortunately, that decision did not help him much; the tide was fast rising against him. Girondins and Montagnards accused each other to let a former "prince du sang" sit at the Convention.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In January 1793, he voted for the king’s death. In April, General Dumouriez and Louis Philippe’s son defected to the Austrians, an act which condemned Louis Philippe and his family in the eyes of the Convention. Even though many Convention representatives realized royal line ran through Philippe Egalité, they also recognized he had publicly served liberty. He was first imprisoned in Marseilles and calmly denied all accusations of counterrevolutionary activities with Mirabeau, Lafayette and Dumouriez. Ironically, denounced by Girondins, he went on trial along with them back in Paris. On 6 November 1793, after answering all suspicions of betrayal from the prosecutor, he was found guilty without evidence but specifically because of his son's defection and his noble birth. He courageously asked the tribunal not to delay his execution but to carry it the very same day. After a lavish dinner of oysters and ribs sprinkled with Bordeaux wine, he proudly and dauntlessly went to the scaffold. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In January 1793, he voted for the king’s death. In April, General Dumouriez and Louis Philippe’s son defected to the Austrians, an act which condemned Louis Philippe and his family in the eyes of the Convention. Even though many Convention representatives realized royal line ran through Philippe Egalité, they also recognized he had publicly served liberty. He was first imprisoned in Marseilles and calmly denied all accusations of counterrevolutionary activities with Mirabeau, Lafayette and Dumouriez. Ironically, denounced by Girondins, he went on trial along with them back in Paris. On 6 November 1793, after answering all suspicions of betrayal from the prosecutor, he was found guilty without evidence but specifically because of his son's defection and his noble birth. He courageously asked the tribunal not to delay his execution but to carry it the very same day. After a lavish dinner of oysters and ribs sprinkled with Bordeaux wine, he proudly and dauntlessly went to the scaffold. </div></td></tr>
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</table>Toubianahttps://enlightenment-revolution.org/index.php?title=Philippe_Egalit%C3%A9&diff=1588&oldid=prevToubiana at 03:26, 27 December 20182018-12-27T03:26:01Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 23:26, 26 December 2018</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l12">Line 12:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 12:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1789, he was elected to the States General. At the opening procession, he forwent marching in accordance to his aristocratic rank in order to march as a simple citizen. Additionally, while surprised by the fall of the Bastille, he was satisfied with the turn of events. His popularity among the people was growing and he freely distributed food, which further exacerbated his rivalry with the court. He was accused of instigating the tumultuous days of October (5 and 6), when the Paris crowd invaded the royal residence and killed some of Lafayette’s guards. Being too apprehensive and lacking any real spirit of leadership, he failed to take advantage of his popularity. To distance him from Paris, Louis XVI sent him to England under pretext of entrusting him with a diplomatic mission regarding the revolt in Belgium against Austrian rule. Louis Philippe naively believed this could potentially lead him to being crowned king of Belgium. In 1790, he wrote the Assembly to request his return to France to resume his position as a deputy. A few days later, he was back in Paris unnoticed since the king had approved the constitution and sworn loyalty to the Assembly. Louis Philippe would have to wait until the royal family’s attempt to flee the country and their arrest in Varennes on 21 June 1791 to have a chance to replace his cousin. However, people were quickly losing trust in kings. Philippe Egalité’s sons had joined the revolutionary armies and his oldest son, and future king, was bravely fighting under General Dumouriez. Louis Philippe himself tried to obtain a charge with the army but was turned down. He was blamed by the royalists of initiating the September Massacre of 1792 in which the crowd brutally killed thousands of royalist sympathizers and refractary priests (priests which rejected the constitution), including his sister in law, the Princess de Lamballe. The monarchists continued to accuse him of siding with the Third Estate and mistakenly considered him a commanding and powerful man. Elected at the Convention in 1792, he sat with the Montagne, the more extreme revolutionary party led by influential and authoritative leaders such as [[Robespierre, Maximilien François Marie Isidore de]], Danton, [[Saint-Just, Louis-Antoine de]], [[Marat, Jean-Paul]] and Couthon. He then got rid of his titles and in his desire to appear true to the constitution chose a very democratic name, Philippe Egalité, a change that was formally accepted by the Paris Commune (the governing body of Paris). Unfortunately, that decision did not help him much; the tide was fast rising against him. Girondins and Montagnards accused each other to let a former "prince du sang" sit at the Convention.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1789, he was elected to the States General. At the opening procession, he forwent marching in accordance to his aristocratic rank in order to march as a simple citizen. Additionally, while surprised by the fall of the Bastille, he was satisfied with the turn of events. His popularity among the people was growing and he freely distributed food, which further exacerbated his rivalry with the court. He was accused of instigating the tumultuous days of October (5 and 6), when the Paris crowd invaded the royal residence and killed some of Lafayette’s guards. Being too apprehensive and lacking any real spirit of leadership, he failed to take advantage of his popularity. To distance him from Paris, Louis XVI sent him to England under pretext of entrusting him with a diplomatic mission regarding the revolt in Belgium against Austrian rule. Louis Philippe naively believed this could potentially lead him to being crowned king of Belgium. In 1790, he wrote the Assembly to request his return to France to resume his position as a deputy. A few days later, he was back in Paris unnoticed since the king had approved the constitution and sworn loyalty to the Assembly. Louis Philippe would have to wait until the royal family’s attempt to flee the country and their arrest in Varennes on 21 June 1791 to have a chance to replace his cousin. However, people were quickly losing trust in kings. Philippe Egalité’s sons had joined the revolutionary armies and his oldest son, and future king, was bravely fighting under General Dumouriez. Louis Philippe himself tried to obtain a charge with the army but was turned down. He was blamed by the royalists of initiating the September Massacre of 1792 in which the crowd brutally killed thousands of royalist sympathizers and refractary priests (priests which rejected the constitution), including his sister in law, the Princess de Lamballe. The monarchists continued to accuse him of siding with the Third Estate and mistakenly considered him a commanding and powerful man. Elected at the Convention in 1792, he sat with the Montagne, the more extreme revolutionary party led by influential and authoritative leaders such as [[Robespierre, Maximilien François Marie Isidore de]], Danton, [[Saint-Just, Louis-Antoine de]], [[Marat, Jean-Paul]] and Couthon. He then got rid of his titles and in his desire to appear true to the constitution chose a very democratic name, Philippe Egalité, a change that was formally accepted by the Paris Commune (the governing body of Paris). Unfortunately, that decision did not help him much; the tide was fast rising against him. Girondins and Montagnards accused each other to let a former "prince du sang" sit at the Convention.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In January 1793, he voted for the king’s death. In April, General Dumouriez and Louis Philippe’s son defected to the Austrians, an act which condemned Louis Philippe and his family in the eyes of the Convention. Even though many Convention representatives realized royal line ran through Philippe Egalité, they also recognized he had publicly served liberty. He was first imprisoned in Marseilles and calmly denied all accusations of counterrevolutionary activities with Mirabeau, Lafayette and Dumouriez. Ironically, denounced by Girondins, he went on trial along with them back in Paris. On 6 November 1793, after answering all suspicions of betrayal from the prosecutor, he was found guilty specifically because of his noble birth. He courageously asked the tribunal not to delay his execution but to carry it the very same day. After a lavish dinner of oysters and ribs sprinkled with Bordeaux wine, he proudly and dauntlessly went to the scaffold. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In January 1793, he voted for the king’s death. In April, General Dumouriez and Louis Philippe’s son defected to the Austrians, an act which condemned Louis Philippe and his family in the eyes of the Convention. Even though many Convention representatives realized royal line ran through Philippe Egalité, they also recognized he had publicly served liberty. He was first imprisoned in Marseilles and calmly denied all accusations of counterrevolutionary activities with Mirabeau, Lafayette and Dumouriez. Ironically, denounced by Girondins, he went on trial along with them back in Paris. On 6 November 1793, after answering all suspicions of betrayal from the prosecutor, he was found guilty <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">without evidence but </ins>specifically because of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">his son's defection and </ins>his noble birth. He courageously asked the tribunal not to delay his execution but to carry it the very same day. After a lavish dinner of oysters and ribs sprinkled with Bordeaux wine, he proudly and dauntlessly went to the scaffold. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Philippe Egalité was the only member of a royal house to adhere to a revolution to overthrow his king and to have voted for the king’s death.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Philippe Egalité was the only member of a royal house to adhere to a revolution to overthrow his king and to have voted for the king’s death.</div></td></tr>
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</table>Toubianahttps://enlightenment-revolution.org/index.php?title=Philippe_Egalit%C3%A9&diff=1587&oldid=prevToubiana at 03:11, 27 December 20182018-12-27T03:11:51Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 23:11, 26 December 2018</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l12">Line 12:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 12:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1789, he was elected to the States General. At the opening procession, he forwent marching in accordance to his aristocratic rank in order to march as a simple citizen. Additionally, while surprised by the fall of the Bastille, he was satisfied with the turn of events. His popularity among the people was growing and he freely distributed food, which further exacerbated his rivalry with the court. He was accused of instigating the tumultuous days of October (5 and 6), when the Paris crowd invaded the royal residence and killed some of Lafayette’s guards. Being too apprehensive and lacking any real spirit of leadership, he failed to take advantage of his popularity. To distance him from Paris, Louis XVI sent him to England under pretext of entrusting him with a diplomatic mission regarding the revolt in Belgium against Austrian rule. Louis Philippe naively believed this could potentially lead him to being crowned king of Belgium. In 1790, he wrote the Assembly to request his return to France to resume his position as a deputy. A few days later, he was back in Paris unnoticed since the king had approved the constitution and sworn loyalty to the Assembly. Louis Philippe would have to wait until the royal family’s attempt to flee the country and their arrest in Varennes on 21 June 1791 to have a chance to replace his cousin. However, people were quickly losing trust in kings. Philippe Egalité’s sons had joined the revolutionary armies and his oldest son, and future king, was bravely fighting under General Dumouriez. Louis Philippe himself tried to obtain a charge with the army but was turned down. He was blamed by the royalists of initiating the September Massacre of 1792 in which the crowd brutally killed thousands of royalist sympathizers and refractary priests (priests which rejected the constitution), including his sister in law, the Princess de Lamballe. The monarchists continued to accuse him of siding with the Third Estate and mistakenly considered him a commanding and powerful man. Elected at the Convention in 1792, he sat with the Montagne, the more extreme revolutionary party led by influential and authoritative leaders such as [[Robespierre, Maximilien François Marie Isidore de]], Danton, [[Saint-Just, Louis-Antoine de]], [[Marat, Jean-Paul]] and Couthon. He then got rid of his titles and in his desire to appear true to the constitution chose a very democratic name, Philippe Egalité, a change that was formally accepted by the Paris Commune (the governing body of Paris). Unfortunately, that decision did not help him much; the tide was fast rising against him. Girondins and Montagnards accused each other to let a former "prince du sang" sit at the Convention.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1789, he was elected to the States General. At the opening procession, he forwent marching in accordance to his aristocratic rank in order to march as a simple citizen. Additionally, while surprised by the fall of the Bastille, he was satisfied with the turn of events. His popularity among the people was growing and he freely distributed food, which further exacerbated his rivalry with the court. He was accused of instigating the tumultuous days of October (5 and 6), when the Paris crowd invaded the royal residence and killed some of Lafayette’s guards. Being too apprehensive and lacking any real spirit of leadership, he failed to take advantage of his popularity. To distance him from Paris, Louis XVI sent him to England under pretext of entrusting him with a diplomatic mission regarding the revolt in Belgium against Austrian rule. Louis Philippe naively believed this could potentially lead him to being crowned king of Belgium. In 1790, he wrote the Assembly to request his return to France to resume his position as a deputy. A few days later, he was back in Paris unnoticed since the king had approved the constitution and sworn loyalty to the Assembly. Louis Philippe would have to wait until the royal family’s attempt to flee the country and their arrest in Varennes on 21 June 1791 to have a chance to replace his cousin. However, people were quickly losing trust in kings. Philippe Egalité’s sons had joined the revolutionary armies and his oldest son, and future king, was bravely fighting under General Dumouriez. Louis Philippe himself tried to obtain a charge with the army but was turned down. He was blamed by the royalists of initiating the September Massacre of 1792 in which the crowd brutally killed thousands of royalist sympathizers and refractary priests (priests which rejected the constitution), including his sister in law, the Princess de Lamballe. The monarchists continued to accuse him of siding with the Third Estate and mistakenly considered him a commanding and powerful man. Elected at the Convention in 1792, he sat with the Montagne, the more extreme revolutionary party led by influential and authoritative leaders such as [[Robespierre, Maximilien François Marie Isidore de]], Danton, [[Saint-Just, Louis-Antoine de]], [[Marat, Jean-Paul]] and Couthon. He then got rid of his titles and in his desire to appear true to the constitution chose a very democratic name, Philippe Egalité, a change that was formally accepted by the Paris Commune (the governing body of Paris). Unfortunately, that decision did not help him much; the tide was fast rising against him. Girondins and Montagnards accused each other to let a former "prince du sang" sit at the Convention.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In January 1793, he voted for the king’s death. In April General Dumouriez and Louis Philippe’s son defected to the Austrians, an act which condemned Louis Philippe and his family in the eyes of the Convention. Even though many Convention representatives realized royal line ran through Philippe Egalité, they also <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">admitted </del>he had publicly served liberty. He was first imprisoned in Marseilles and calmly denied all accusations of counterrevolutionary activities with Mirabeau, Lafayette and Dumouriez. Ironically, denounced by Girondins, he went on trial along with them back in Paris. On 6 <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">January </del>1793, after answering all suspicions of betrayal from the prosecutor, he was found guilty specifically because of his noble birth. He courageously asked the tribunal not to delay his execution but to carry it the very same day. After a lavish dinner of oysters and ribs sprinkled with Bordeaux wine, he proudly and dauntlessly went to the scaffold. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In January 1793, he voted for the king’s death. In April<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, </ins>General Dumouriez and Louis Philippe’s son defected to the Austrians, an act which condemned Louis Philippe and his family in the eyes of the Convention. Even though many Convention representatives realized royal line ran through Philippe Egalité, they also <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">recognized </ins>he had publicly served liberty. He was first imprisoned in Marseilles and calmly denied all accusations of counterrevolutionary activities with Mirabeau, Lafayette and Dumouriez. Ironically, denounced by Girondins, he went on trial along with them back in Paris. On 6 <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">November </ins>1793, after answering all suspicions of betrayal from the prosecutor, he was found guilty specifically because of his noble birth. He courageously asked the tribunal not to delay his execution but to carry it the very same day. After a lavish dinner of oysters and ribs sprinkled with Bordeaux wine, he proudly and dauntlessly went to the scaffold. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Philippe Egalité was the only member of a royal house to adhere to a revolution to overthrow his king and to have voted for the king’s death.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Philippe Egalité was the only member of a royal house to adhere to a revolution to overthrow his king and to have voted for the king’s death.</div></td></tr>
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</table>Toubianahttps://enlightenment-revolution.org/index.php?title=Philippe_Egalit%C3%A9&diff=1583&oldid=prevToubiana at 02:32, 27 December 20182018-12-27T02:32:48Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 22:32, 26 December 2018</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In the pre-revolution atmosphere that reigned in France, Louis Philippe clearly hoped for a chance to replace his cousin on the throne and therefore favored all grievances against the king. His open distaste for the young queen, Marie-Antoinette, only accrued antagonism with the king, making him unwelcome at court. He was then elected Grand Master of the Grand Orient of France, one of the most powerful freemason lodges with concepts of masonic equality, fraternity and democracy. In 1780, his father gave him the Palais Royal (a very large palace across the Louvre). He opened its gardens to the public, which quickly transformed the palace into one of the main centers for anyone opposing the king and his monarchy. In 1787, Louis XVI wanted to levy a new tax on landed property, a decision which the Parliament of Paris strongly opposed. Once more, Louis Philippe stood against the king and was again exiled in Villers-Cotterêts. His Palais Royal had become a rallying point for the Jacobins of Paris. Louis Philippe generously granted subventions to pamphleteers criticizing the king and hoped to stand as the champion of a constitutionalist monarchy. [[Laclos, Choderlos de]] (author of the famous epistolary novel, ''Les Liaisons dangereuses'') was chosen by Louis Philippe to astutely distribute money, therefore increase his popularity. However, Philippe Egalité did not create a new movement but only rode the revolutionary atmosphere. He might have started an Orleanist conspiracy to take the throne away from his cousin but was unable to convince or even impressed powerful leaders like Lafayette, [[Mirabeau, Honoré Gabriel Riquetti, Comte de]] or [[Danton, Georges]] who did not believe him suited for the job.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In the pre-revolution atmosphere that reigned in France, Louis Philippe clearly hoped for a chance to replace his cousin on the throne and therefore favored all grievances against the king. His open distaste for the young queen, Marie-Antoinette, only accrued antagonism with the king, making him unwelcome at court. He was then elected Grand Master of the Grand Orient of France, one of the most powerful freemason lodges with concepts of masonic equality, fraternity and democracy. In 1780, his father gave him the Palais Royal (a very large palace across the Louvre). He opened its gardens to the public, which quickly transformed the palace into one of the main centers for anyone opposing the king and his monarchy. In 1787, Louis XVI wanted to levy a new tax on landed property, a decision which the Parliament of Paris strongly opposed. Once more, Louis Philippe stood against the king and was again exiled in Villers-Cotterêts. His Palais Royal had become a rallying point for the Jacobins of Paris. Louis Philippe generously granted subventions to pamphleteers criticizing the king and hoped to stand as the champion of a constitutionalist monarchy. [[Laclos, Choderlos de]] (author of the famous epistolary novel, ''Les Liaisons dangereuses'') was chosen by Louis Philippe to astutely distribute money, therefore increase his popularity. However, Philippe Egalité did not create a new movement but only rode the revolutionary atmosphere. He might have started an Orleanist conspiracy to take the throne away from his cousin but was unable to convince or even impressed powerful leaders like Lafayette, [[Mirabeau, Honoré Gabriel Riquetti, Comte de]] or [[Danton, Georges]] who did not believe him suited for the job.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1789, he was elected to the States General. At the opening procession, he forwent marching in accordance to his aristocratic rank in order to march as a simple citizen. Additionally, while surprised by the fall of the Bastille, he was satisfied with the turn of events. His popularity among the people was growing and he freely distributed food, which further exacerbated his rivalry with the court. He was accused of instigating the tumultuous days of October (5 and 6), when the Paris crowd invaded the royal residence and killed some of Lafayette’s guards. Being too apprehensive and lacking any real spirit of leadership, he failed to take advantage of his popularity. To distance him from Paris, Louis XVI sent him to England under pretext of entrusting him with a diplomatic mission regarding the revolt in Belgium against Austrian rule. Louis Philippe naively believed this could potentially lead him to being crowned king of Belgium. In 1790, he wrote the Assembly to request his return to France to resume his position as a deputy. A few days later, he was back in Paris unnoticed since the king had approved the constitution and sworn loyalty to the Assembly. Louis Philippe would have to wait until the royal family’s attempt to flee the country and their arrest in Varennes on 21 June 1791 to have a chance to replace his cousin. However, people were quickly losing trust in kings. Philippe Egalité’s sons had joined the revolutionary armies and his oldest son, and future king, was bravely fighting under General Dumouriez. Louis Philippe himself tried to obtain a charge with the army but was turned down. He was blamed by the royalists of initiating the September Massacre of 1792 in which the crowd brutally killed thousands of royalist sympathizers and refractary priests (priests which rejected the constitution), including his sister in law, the Princess de Lamballe. The monarchists continued to accuse him of siding with the Third Estate and mistakenly considered him a commanding and powerful man. Elected at the Convention in 1792, he sat with the Montagne, the more extreme revolutionary party led by influential and authoritative leaders such as [[Robespierre, Maximilien François Marie Isidore de]], Danton, [[Saint-Just, Louis-Antoine de]], [[Marat, Jean-Paul]] and Couthon. He then got rid of his titles and in his desire to appear true to the constitution chose a very democratic name, Philippe Egalité, a change that was formally accepted by the Paris Commune (the governing body of Paris). Unfortunately, that decision did not help him much; the tide was fast rising against him. Girondins and Montagnards accused each other to let a former prince <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">of blood </del>sit at the Convention.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1789, he was elected to the States General. At the opening procession, he forwent marching in accordance to his aristocratic rank in order to march as a simple citizen. Additionally, while surprised by the fall of the Bastille, he was satisfied with the turn of events. His popularity among the people was growing and he freely distributed food, which further exacerbated his rivalry with the court. He was accused of instigating the tumultuous days of October (5 and 6), when the Paris crowd invaded the royal residence and killed some of Lafayette’s guards. Being too apprehensive and lacking any real spirit of leadership, he failed to take advantage of his popularity. To distance him from Paris, Louis XVI sent him to England under pretext of entrusting him with a diplomatic mission regarding the revolt in Belgium against Austrian rule. Louis Philippe naively believed this could potentially lead him to being crowned king of Belgium. In 1790, he wrote the Assembly to request his return to France to resume his position as a deputy. A few days later, he was back in Paris unnoticed since the king had approved the constitution and sworn loyalty to the Assembly. Louis Philippe would have to wait until the royal family’s attempt to flee the country and their arrest in Varennes on 21 June 1791 to have a chance to replace his cousin. However, people were quickly losing trust in kings. Philippe Egalité’s sons had joined the revolutionary armies and his oldest son, and future king, was bravely fighting under General Dumouriez. Louis Philippe himself tried to obtain a charge with the army but was turned down. He was blamed by the royalists of initiating the September Massacre of 1792 in which the crowd brutally killed thousands of royalist sympathizers and refractary priests (priests which rejected the constitution), including his sister in law, the Princess de Lamballe. The monarchists continued to accuse him of siding with the Third Estate and mistakenly considered him a commanding and powerful man. Elected at the Convention in 1792, he sat with the Montagne, the more extreme revolutionary party led by influential and authoritative leaders such as [[Robespierre, Maximilien François Marie Isidore de]], Danton, [[Saint-Just, Louis-Antoine de]], [[Marat, Jean-Paul]] and Couthon. He then got rid of his titles and in his desire to appear true to the constitution chose a very democratic name, Philippe Egalité, a change that was formally accepted by the Paris Commune (the governing body of Paris). Unfortunately, that decision did not help him much; the tide was fast rising against him. Girondins and Montagnards accused each other to let a former <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">"</ins>prince <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">du sang" </ins>sit at the Convention.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In January 1793, he voted for the king’s death. In April General Dumouriez and Louis Philippe’s son defected to the Austrians, an act which condemned Louis Philippe and his family in the eyes of the Convention. Even though many Convention representatives realized royal line ran through Philippe Egalité, they also admitted he had publicly served liberty. He was first imprisoned in Marseilles and calmly denied all accusations of counterrevolutionary activities with Mirabeau, Lafayette and Dumouriez. Ironically, denounced by Girondins, he went on trial along with them back in Paris. On 6 January 1793, after answering all suspicions of betrayal from the prosecutor, he was found guilty specifically because of his noble birth. He courageously asked the tribunal not to delay his execution but to carry it the very same day. After a lavish dinner of oysters and ribs sprinkled with Bordeaux wine, he proudly and dauntlessly went to the scaffold. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In January 1793, he voted for the king’s death. In April General Dumouriez and Louis Philippe’s son defected to the Austrians, an act which condemned Louis Philippe and his family in the eyes of the Convention. Even though many Convention representatives realized royal line ran through Philippe Egalité, they also admitted he had publicly served liberty. He was first imprisoned in Marseilles and calmly denied all accusations of counterrevolutionary activities with Mirabeau, Lafayette and Dumouriez. Ironically, denounced by Girondins, he went on trial along with them back in Paris. On 6 January 1793, after answering all suspicions of betrayal from the prosecutor, he was found guilty specifically because of his noble birth. He courageously asked the tribunal not to delay his execution but to carry it the very same day. After a lavish dinner of oysters and ribs sprinkled with Bordeaux wine, he proudly and dauntlessly went to the scaffold. </div></td></tr>
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</table>Toubianahttps://enlightenment-revolution.org/index.php?title=Philippe_Egalit%C3%A9&diff=1582&oldid=prevToubiana at 02:23, 27 December 20182018-12-27T02:23:07Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 22:23, 26 December 2018</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l10">Line 10:</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In the pre-revolution atmosphere that reigned in France, Louis Philippe clearly hoped for a chance to replace his cousin on the throne and therefore favored all grievances against the king. His open distaste for the young queen, Marie-Antoinette, only accrued antagonism with the king, making him unwelcome at court. He was then elected Grand Master of the Grand Orient of France, one of the most powerful freemason lodges with concepts of masonic equality, fraternity and democracy. In 1780, his father gave him the Palais Royal (a very large palace across the Louvre). He opened its gardens to the public, which quickly transformed the palace into one of the main centers for anyone opposing the king and his monarchy. In 1787, Louis XVI wanted to levy a new tax on landed property, a decision which the Parliament of Paris strongly opposed. Once more, Louis Philippe stood against the king and was again exiled in Villers-Cotterêts. His Palais Royal had become a rallying point for the Jacobins of Paris. Louis Philippe generously granted subventions to pamphleteers criticizing the king and hoped to stand as the champion of a constitutionalist monarchy. [[Laclos, Choderlos de]] (author of the famous epistolary novel, ''Les Liaisons dangereuses'') was chosen by Louis Philippe to astutely distribute money, therefore increase his popularity. However, Philippe Egalité did not create a new movement but only rode the revolutionary atmosphere. He might have started an Orleanist conspiracy to take the throne away from his cousin but was unable to convince or even impressed powerful leaders like Lafayette, [[Mirabeau, Honoré Gabriel Riquetti, Comte de]] or [[Danton, Georges]] who did not believe him suited for the job.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In the pre-revolution atmosphere that reigned in France, Louis Philippe clearly hoped for a chance to replace his cousin on the throne and therefore favored all grievances against the king. His open distaste for the young queen, Marie-Antoinette, only accrued antagonism with the king, making him unwelcome at court. He was then elected Grand Master of the Grand Orient of France, one of the most powerful freemason lodges with concepts of masonic equality, fraternity and democracy. In 1780, his father gave him the Palais Royal (a very large palace across the Louvre). He opened its gardens to the public, which quickly transformed the palace into one of the main centers for anyone opposing the king and his monarchy. In 1787, Louis XVI wanted to levy a new tax on landed property, a decision which the Parliament of Paris strongly opposed. Once more, Louis Philippe stood against the king and was again exiled in Villers-Cotterêts. His Palais Royal had become a rallying point for the Jacobins of Paris. Louis Philippe generously granted subventions to pamphleteers criticizing the king and hoped to stand as the champion of a constitutionalist monarchy. [[Laclos, Choderlos de]] (author of the famous epistolary novel, ''Les Liaisons dangereuses'') was chosen by Louis Philippe to astutely distribute money, therefore increase his popularity. However, Philippe Egalité did not create a new movement but only rode the revolutionary atmosphere. He might have started an Orleanist conspiracy to take the throne away from his cousin but was unable to convince or even impressed powerful leaders like Lafayette, [[Mirabeau, Honoré Gabriel Riquetti, Comte de]] or [[Danton, Georges]] who did not believe him suited for the job.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1789, he was elected to the States General. At the opening procession, he forwent marching in accordance to his aristocratic rank in order to march as a simple citizen. Additionally, while surprised by the fall of the Bastille, he was satisfied with the turn of events. His popularity among the people was growing and he freely distributed food, which further exacerbated his rivalry with the court. He was accused of instigating the tumultuous days of October (5 and 6), when the Paris crowd invaded the royal residence and killed some of Lafayette’s guards. Being too apprehensive and lacking any real spirit of leadership, he failed to take advantage of his popularity. To distance him from Paris, Louis XVI sent him to England under pretext of entrusting him with a diplomatic mission regarding the revolt in Belgium against Austrian rule. Louis Philippe naively believed this could potentially lead him to being crowned king of Belgium. In 1790, he wrote the Assembly to request his return to France to resume his position as a deputy. A few days later, he was back in Paris unnoticed since the king had approved the constitution and sworn loyalty to the Assembly. Louis Philippe would have to wait until the royal family’s attempt to flee the country and their arrest in Varennes on 21 June 1791 to have a chance to replace his cousin. However, people were quickly losing trust in kings. Philippe Egalité’s sons had joined the revolutionary armies and his oldest son, and future king, was bravely fighting under General Dumouriez. Louis Philippe himself tried to obtain a charge with the army but was turned down. He was blamed by the royalists of initiating the September Massacre of 1792 in which the crowd brutally killed thousands of royalist sympathizers and refractary priests (priests which rejected the constitution), including his sister in law, the Princess de Lamballe. The monarchists continued to accuse him of siding with the Third Estate and mistakenly considered him a commanding and powerful man. Elected at the Convention in 1792, he sat with the Montagne, the more extreme <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">revolutionaries </del>led by influential and authoritative leaders as [[Robespierre, Maximilien François Marie Isidore de]], Danton, [[Saint-Just, Louis-Antoine de]], [[Marat, Jean-Paul]] and Couthon. He then got rid of his titles and in his desire to appear true to the constitution chose a very democratic name, Philippe Egalité, a change that was formally accepted by the Paris Commune (the governing body of Paris). Unfortunately, that decision did not help him much; the tide was fast rising against him. Girondins and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Montagnarfds </del>accused each other to let a former prince of blood sit at the Convention.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1789, he was elected to the States General. At the opening procession, he forwent marching in accordance to his aristocratic rank in order to march as a simple citizen. Additionally, while surprised by the fall of the Bastille, he was satisfied with the turn of events. His popularity among the people was growing and he freely distributed food, which further exacerbated his rivalry with the court. He was accused of instigating the tumultuous days of October (5 and 6), when the Paris crowd invaded the royal residence and killed some of Lafayette’s guards. Being too apprehensive and lacking any real spirit of leadership, he failed to take advantage of his popularity. To distance him from Paris, Louis XVI sent him to England under pretext of entrusting him with a diplomatic mission regarding the revolt in Belgium against Austrian rule. Louis Philippe naively believed this could potentially lead him to being crowned king of Belgium. In 1790, he wrote the Assembly to request his return to France to resume his position as a deputy. A few days later, he was back in Paris unnoticed since the king had approved the constitution and sworn loyalty to the Assembly. Louis Philippe would have to wait until the royal family’s attempt to flee the country and their arrest in Varennes on 21 June 1791 to have a chance to replace his cousin. However, people were quickly losing trust in kings. Philippe Egalité’s sons had joined the revolutionary armies and his oldest son, and future king, was bravely fighting under General Dumouriez. Louis Philippe himself tried to obtain a charge with the army but was turned down. He was blamed by the royalists of initiating the September Massacre of 1792 in which the crowd brutally killed thousands of royalist sympathizers and refractary priests (priests which rejected the constitution), including his sister in law, the Princess de Lamballe. The monarchists continued to accuse him of siding with the Third Estate and mistakenly considered him a commanding and powerful man. Elected at the Convention in 1792, he sat with the Montagne, the more extreme <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">revolutionary party </ins>led by influential and authoritative leaders <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">such </ins>as [[Robespierre, Maximilien François Marie Isidore de]], Danton, [[Saint-Just, Louis-Antoine de]], [[Marat, Jean-Paul]] and Couthon. He then got rid of his titles and in his desire to appear true to the constitution chose a very democratic name, Philippe Egalité, a change that was formally accepted by the Paris Commune (the governing body of Paris). Unfortunately, that decision did not help him much; the tide was fast rising against him. Girondins and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Montagnards </ins>accused each other to let a former prince of blood sit at the Convention.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In January 1793, he voted for the king’s death. In April General Dumouriez and Louis Philippe’s son defected to the Austrians, an act which condemned Louis Philippe and his family in the eyes of the Convention. Even though many Convention representatives realized royal line ran through Philippe Egalité, they also admitted he had publicly served liberty. He was first imprisoned in Marseilles and calmly denied all accusations of counterrevolutionary activities with Mirabeau, Lafayette and Dumouriez. Ironically, denounced by Girondins, he went on trial along with them back in Paris. On 6 January 1793, after answering all suspicions of betrayal from the prosecutor, he was found guilty specifically because of his noble birth. He courageously asked the tribunal not to delay his execution but to carry it the very same day. After a lavish dinner of oysters and ribs sprinkled with Bordeaux wine, he proudly and dauntlessly went to the scaffold. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In January 1793, he voted for the king’s death. In April General Dumouriez and Louis Philippe’s son defected to the Austrians, an act which condemned Louis Philippe and his family in the eyes of the Convention. Even though many Convention representatives realized royal line ran through Philippe Egalité, they also admitted he had publicly served liberty. He was first imprisoned in Marseilles and calmly denied all accusations of counterrevolutionary activities with Mirabeau, Lafayette and Dumouriez. Ironically, denounced by Girondins, he went on trial along with them back in Paris. On 6 January 1793, after answering all suspicions of betrayal from the prosecutor, he was found guilty specifically because of his noble birth. He courageously asked the tribunal not to delay his execution but to carry it the very same day. After a lavish dinner of oysters and ribs sprinkled with Bordeaux wine, he proudly and dauntlessly went to the scaffold. </div></td></tr>
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</table>Toubianahttps://enlightenment-revolution.org/index.php?title=Philippe_Egalit%C3%A9&diff=1581&oldid=prevToubiana at 21:20, 26 December 20182018-12-26T21:20:05Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 17:20, 26 December 2018</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1789, he was elected to the States General. At the opening procession, he forwent marching in accordance to his aristocratic rank in order to march as a simple citizen. Additionally, while surprised by the fall of the Bastille, he was satisfied with the turn of events. His popularity among the people was growing and he freely distributed food, which further exacerbated his rivalry with the court. He was accused of instigating the tumultuous days of October (5 and 6), when the Paris crowd invaded the royal residence and killed some of Lafayette’s guards. Being too apprehensive and lacking any real spirit of leadership, he failed to take advantage of his popularity. To distance him from Paris, Louis XVI sent him to England under pretext of entrusting him with a diplomatic mission regarding the revolt in Belgium against Austrian rule. Louis Philippe naively believed this could potentially lead him to being crowned king of Belgium. In 1790, he wrote the Assembly to request his return to France to resume his position as a deputy. A few days later, he was back in Paris unnoticed since the king had approved the constitution and sworn loyalty to the Assembly. Louis Philippe would have to wait until the royal family’s attempt to flee the country and their arrest in Varennes on 21 June 1791 to have a chance to replace his cousin. However, people were quickly losing trust in kings. Philippe Egalité’s sons had joined the revolutionary armies and his oldest son, and future king, was bravely fighting under General Dumouriez. Louis Philippe himself tried to obtain a charge with the army but was turned down. He was blamed by the royalists of initiating the September Massacre of 1792 in which the crowd brutally killed thousands of royalist sympathizers and refractary priests (priests which rejected the constitution), including his sister in law, the Princess de Lamballe. The monarchists continued to accuse him of siding with the Third Estate and mistakenly considered him a commanding and powerful man. Elected at the Convention in 1792, he sat with the Montagne, the more extreme revolutionaries led by influential and authoritative leaders as [[Robespierre, Maximilien François Marie Isidore de]], Danton, [[Saint-Just, Louis-Antoine de]], [[Marat, Jean-Paul]] and Couthon. He then got rid of his titles and in his desire to appear true to the constitution chose a very democratic name, Philippe Egalité, a change that was formally accepted by the Paris Commune (the governing body of Paris). Unfortunately, that decision did not help him much; the tide was fast rising against him. Girondins and Montagnarfds accused each other to let a former prince of blood sit at the Convention.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1789, he was elected to the States General. At the opening procession, he forwent marching in accordance to his aristocratic rank in order to march as a simple citizen. Additionally, while surprised by the fall of the Bastille, he was satisfied with the turn of events. His popularity among the people was growing and he freely distributed food, which further exacerbated his rivalry with the court. He was accused of instigating the tumultuous days of October (5 and 6), when the Paris crowd invaded the royal residence and killed some of Lafayette’s guards. Being too apprehensive and lacking any real spirit of leadership, he failed to take advantage of his popularity. To distance him from Paris, Louis XVI sent him to England under pretext of entrusting him with a diplomatic mission regarding the revolt in Belgium against Austrian rule. Louis Philippe naively believed this could potentially lead him to being crowned king of Belgium. In 1790, he wrote the Assembly to request his return to France to resume his position as a deputy. A few days later, he was back in Paris unnoticed since the king had approved the constitution and sworn loyalty to the Assembly. Louis Philippe would have to wait until the royal family’s attempt to flee the country and their arrest in Varennes on 21 June 1791 to have a chance to replace his cousin. However, people were quickly losing trust in kings. Philippe Egalité’s sons had joined the revolutionary armies and his oldest son, and future king, was bravely fighting under General Dumouriez. Louis Philippe himself tried to obtain a charge with the army but was turned down. He was blamed by the royalists of initiating the September Massacre of 1792 in which the crowd brutally killed thousands of royalist sympathizers and refractary priests (priests which rejected the constitution), including his sister in law, the Princess de Lamballe. The monarchists continued to accuse him of siding with the Third Estate and mistakenly considered him a commanding and powerful man. Elected at the Convention in 1792, he sat with the Montagne, the more extreme revolutionaries led by influential and authoritative leaders as [[Robespierre, Maximilien François Marie Isidore de]], Danton, [[Saint-Just, Louis-Antoine de]], [[Marat, Jean-Paul]] and Couthon. He then got rid of his titles and in his desire to appear true to the constitution chose a very democratic name, Philippe Egalité, a change that was formally accepted by the Paris Commune (the governing body of Paris). Unfortunately, that decision did not help him much; the tide was fast rising against him. Girondins and Montagnarfds accused each other to let a former prince of blood sit at the Convention.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In January 1793, he voted for the king’s death. In April General Dumouriez and Louis Philippe’s son defected to the Austrians, an act which condemned Louis Philippe and his family in the eyes of the Convention. Even though many Convention representatives realized <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the blood of king </del>ran <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">in </del>Philippe Egalité, they also admitted he had publicly served liberty. He was first imprisoned in Marseilles and calmly denied all accusations of counterrevolutionary activities with Mirabeau, Lafayette and Dumouriez. Ironically, denounced by Girondins, he went on trial along with them back in Paris. On 6 January 1793, after answering all suspicions of betrayal from the prosecutor, he was found guilty specifically because of his noble birth. He courageously asked the tribunal not to delay his execution but to carry it the very same day. After a lavish dinner of oysters and ribs sprinkled with Bordeaux wine, he proudly and dauntlessly went to the scaffold. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In January 1793, he voted for the king’s death. In April General Dumouriez and Louis Philippe’s son defected to the Austrians, an act which condemned Louis Philippe and his family in the eyes of the Convention. Even though many Convention representatives realized <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">royal line </ins>ran <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">through </ins>Philippe Egalité, they also admitted he had publicly served liberty. He was first imprisoned in Marseilles and calmly denied all accusations of counterrevolutionary activities with Mirabeau, Lafayette and Dumouriez. Ironically, denounced by Girondins, he went on trial along with them back in Paris. On 6 January 1793, after answering all suspicions of betrayal from the prosecutor, he was found guilty specifically because of his noble birth. He courageously asked the tribunal not to delay his execution but to carry it the very same day. After a lavish dinner of oysters and ribs sprinkled with Bordeaux wine, he proudly and dauntlessly went to the scaffold. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Philippe Egalité was the only member of a royal house to adhere to a revolution to overthrow his king and to have voted for the king’s death.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Philippe Egalité was the only member of a royal house to adhere to a revolution to overthrow his king and to have voted for the king’s death.</div></td></tr>
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</table>Toubiana